🧪 Class 12 Chemistry (JEE & NEET) - Chapter-wise Study Material
1️⃣ Solid State
- Types of Solids: Crystalline and Amorphous
- Unit Cells, Packing Efficiency
- Density of Unit Cell, Imperfections in Solids
Formula: Density = (Z × M) / (a³ × NA)
Q: Calculate density of NaCl with edge length 564 pm, Z=4.
Ans: Use the density formula by converting a to cm and using molar mass.
2️⃣ Solutions
- Concentration Terms: Molarity, Molality, Mole Fraction
- Raoult’s Law, Henry’s Law
- Colligative Properties
Formula: ΔTb = Kb × m (Boiling Point Elevation)
Q: Calculate boiling point of 1 molal solution with Kb = 0.52.
Ans: ΔTb = 0.52 × 1 = 0.52°C
3️⃣ Electrochemistry
- Electrochemical Cells, EMF of a Cell
- Nernst Equation, Conductance
- Electrolysis and Faraday’s Laws
Formula: E = E° - (0.0591/n) log([products]/[reactants])
Q: Use Nernst equation to find EMF of Daniell cell with [Zn²⁺]=0.1M and [Cu²⁺]=1M.
Ans: E = E° - 0.0591/2 log(0.1/1)
4️⃣ Chemical Kinetics
- Rate Law and Order of Reaction
- Integrated Rate Equations
- Half-Life, Activation Energy
Formula: For First Order: t1/2 = 0.693/k
Q: A reaction has rate constant 0.231 s⁻¹. Find half-life.
Ans: t1/2 = 0.693 / 0.231 ≈ 3 s
5️⃣ Coordination Compounds
- Nomenclature and Isomerism
- Bonding: VBT and CFT
- Stability, Color, and Magnetic Properties
Q: Write IUPAC name of [Cr(NH3)3Cl3].
Ans: Triammine trichlorido chromium (III)
6️⃣ Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates: Glucose, Fructose
- Proteins: Structure and Classification
- Enzymes, Vitamins, and Nucleic Acids
Q: What is the difference between α and β glucose?
Ans: Difference lies in the orientation of -OH on 1st carbon atom.